Yintoni i-DHA?

I-DHA yi-docosahexaenoic acid, eyinxalenye ye-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Umfanekiso 1). Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Okokuqala, uthotho lwayo lwe-fatty acid luneebhondi ezi-6 ezingagcwaliyo; okwesibini, i-OMEGA yileta yama-24 neyokugqibela yesiGrike. Ekubeni uthotho lokugqibela lwe-unsaturated double kwi-fatty acid chain lukwi-atom yesithathu yekhabhoni ukusuka kwisiphelo se-methyl, ibizwa ngokuba yi-OMEGA-3, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yi-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dukusasazwa kunye nendlela ye-DHA

Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sobunzima besiqu sobuchopho yi-lipid, etyebile kwi-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, apho i-DHA ithatha i-90% ye-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids kunye ne-10-20% ye-lipids iyonke yobuchopho. I-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) kunye ne-ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) zenza inxalenye encinci kuphela. I-DHA yinxalenye ephambili yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ze-membrane lipids, ezifana ne-neuronal synapses, i-endoplasmic reticulum, kunye ne-mitochondria. Ukongeza, i-DHA ibandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwesignali edityaniswe ne-membrane yeseli, ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukulungiswa kwe-neural oxidative, ngaloo ndlela iququzelela uphuhliso kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho. Ke ngoko, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lobuchopho, ukudluliselwa kwe-neural, imemori, ukuqonda, njl. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Iiseli ze-photoreceptor kwinxalenye ye-retina ethambileyo zizityebi kwii-acids zamafutha ze-polyunsaturated, apho i-DHA ibangela ngaphezulu kwe-50% yee-acids zamafutha ze-polyunsaturated (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). I-DHA yinxalenye ephambili yee-acids zamafutha ze-unsaturated eziphambili kwiiseli ze-photoreceptor, ezithatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwezi seli, kunye nokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ebonakalayo kunye nokuphucula ukusinda kweeseli ukuphendula uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative (Swinkels kunye neBaes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

I-DHA kunye neMpilo yoLuntu

Indima ye-DHA kuPhuhliso loBuchongo, ukuqonda, iMemori, kunye neemvakalelo zokuziphatha

Uphuhliso lwe-frontal lobe yobuchopho luchaphazeleka kakhulu kubonelelo lwe-DHA(I-Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), echaphazela amandla okuqonda, kuquka ukugxila, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye neemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha komntu. Ke ngoko, ukugcina amanqanaba aphezulu e-DHA akubalulekanga nje kuphela ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokufikisa, kodwa kubalulekile nakwingqiqo kunye nokuziphatha kubantu abadala. Isiqingatha se-DHA engqondweni yosana sivela ekuqokeleleni kwe-DHA kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngelixa ukutya kwe-DHA yosana imihla ngemihla kuphindwe kahlanu kunokomntu omdala.(IBourre, J. Nutr. Ukwaluphala kwezeMpilo ngo-2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Amafutha. Iiasidi 2006).Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana i-DHA eyaneleyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa nosana. Kucetyiswa ukuba oomama bongeze i-200 mg ye-DHA ngosuku ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokuncancisa.(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; Igunya loKhuseleko lokutya laseYurophu, i-EFSA J. 2010)Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-DHA ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwandisa ubunzima kunye nobude bokuzalwa(UMakrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ngelixa ikwaphucula ubuchule bokuqonda ebuntwaneni(UHelland et al., Unyango lwabantwana ngo-2003).

Ukongezwa kwe-DHA ngexesha lokuncancisa kuphucula ulwimi lwesisu (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kuphucula uphuhliso lwengqondo losana, kwaye kwandisa i-IQ (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011); Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Abantwana abongezelelwe nge-DHA babonisa ubuchule obuphuculweyo bokufunda ulwimi kunye nezakhono zokupela(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Amafutha. Iiasidi 2009).

Nangona iziphumo zokongeza i-DHA ngexesha lobudala zingaqinisekanga, izifundo phakathi kolutsha olukwiminyaka yekholeji zibonise ukuba ukongeza i-DHA kangangeeveki ezine kunokuphucula ukufunda kunye nenkumbulo (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Kubantu abanenkumbulo embi okanye ubulolo, ukongeza i-DHA kunokuphucula inkumbulo yeziganeko (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ukongeza i-DHA kubantu abadala kunceda ukwandisa amandla okuqonda kunye nokukhumbula. I-Grey matter, ekwindawo engaphandle ye-cortex yengqondo, ixhasa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha engqondweni, kunye nokuveliswa kweemvakalelo kunye nokuqonda. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo we-grey matter uyancipha ngokukhula, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokudumba kwiinkqubo zemithambo-luvo kunye ne-immune nazo ziyanda ngokukhula. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukongeza i-DHA kunokunyusa okanye kugcine umthamo we-grey matter kwaye kuphucule amandla enkumbulo kunye nokuqonda (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Njengoko iminyaka ikhula, inkumbulo iyawohloka, nto leyo enokubangela i-dementia. Ezinye izifo zengqondo nazo zingakhokelela kwisifo se-Alzheimer, uhlobo lwe-dementia kubantu abadala. Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-DHA engaphezulu kwama-200 milligrams imihla ngemihla kunokuphucula uphuhliso lwengqondo okanye i-dementia. Okwangoku, akukho bungqina bucacileyo bokusetyenziswa kwe-DHA ekunyangeni isifo se-Alzheimer, kodwa iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-DHA kunempembelelo ethile entle ekuthinteleni isifo se-Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

I-DHA kunye neMpilo yamehlo

Uphando olwenziwe kwiimpuku lufumanise ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-DHA ye-retina, nokuba kungenxa yokwenziwa okanye izizathu zokuthutha, kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokukhubazeka kokubona. Izigulane ezine-age-related macular degeneration, i-diabetes-associated retinopathy, kunye ne-retinal pigment dystrophies zinezinga eliphantsi le-DHA egazini lazo. Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba oku kungenxa okanye yimbangela. Izifundo zeklinikhi okanye zeempuku ezongeza i-DHA okanye ezinye ii-polyunsaturated fatty acids ze-long-chain azikafiki kwisigqibo esicacileyo (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-retina ityebile kwii-polyunsaturated fatty acids ze-long-chain, i-DHA yeyona nto iphambili, i-DHA ibalulekile kwimpilo yamehlo eqhelekileyo yabantu (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

I-DHA kunye nempilo yentliziyo

Ukuqokelelwa kwamafutha agcweleyo kuyingozi kwimpilo yentliziyo, ngelixa amafutha agcweleyo angagcwaliyo eluncedo. Nangona kukho iingxelo zokuba i-DHA ikhuthaza impilo yentliziyo, izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba imiphumo ye-DHA kwimpilo yentliziyo ayicacanga. Ngokweengxelo, i-EPA idlala indima ebalulekileyo (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Nangona kunjalo, i-American Heart Association icebisa ukuba izigulane ezinezifo zentliziyo zifake i-1 gram ye-EPA+DHA imihla ngemihla (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).