DHA yog dab tsi?

DHA yog docosahexaenoic acid, uas yog ib feem ntawm omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Daim Duab 1). Vim li cas nws thiaj hu ua OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Ua ntej, nws cov saw hlau fatty acid muaj 6 unsaturated double bonds; qhov thib ob, OMEGA yog tsab ntawv Greek thib 24 thiab kawg. Txij li thaum qhov kawg unsaturated double bond hauv cov saw hlau fatty acid nyob rau ntawm qhov carbon atom thib peb ntawm qhov kawg methyl, nws hu ua OMEGA-3, ua rau nws yog OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dkev faib tawm thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm DHA

Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub hlwb qia yog lipid, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nrog DHA nyob 90% ntawm OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids thiab 10-20% ntawm tag nrho cov hlwb lipids. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) thiab ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) tsuas yog ua ib feem me me xwb. DHA yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam membrane lipid qauv, xws li neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, thiab mitochondria. Tsis tas li ntawd, DHA koom nrog hauv cell membrane-mediated signal transduction, gene expression, neural oxidative kho, yog li sib koom tes lub hlwb kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, neural kis, nco, kev paub, thiab lwm yam. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Cov hlwb photoreceptor hauv qhov chaw photosensitive ntawm retina muaj ntau cov roj fatty acids polyunsaturated, nrog DHA suav txog ntau dua 50% ntawm cov roj fatty acids polyunsaturated (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj fatty acids tseem ceeb hauv cov hlwb photoreceptor, koom nrog kev tsim cov hlwb no, nrog rau kev sib txuas lus pom kev thiab txhim kho kev ciaj sia ntawm cov hlwb hauv kev teb rau kev ntxhov siab oxidative (Swinkels thiab Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Tib Neeg

Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm DHA hauv Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Lub Hlwb, Kev Paub, Kev Nco, thiab Kev Xav Txog Tus Kheej

Kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hlwb yog cuam tshuam los ntawm DHA muab.(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm kev paub, suav nrog kev tsom mus rau, kev txiav txim siab, nrog rau tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab tus cwj pwm. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm cov qib siab ntawm DHA tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thaum cev xeeb tub thiab thaum hluas, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau kev paub thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg laus. Ib nrab ntawm DHA hauv lub hlwb ntawm tus menyuam mos los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm leej niam lub DHA thaum cev xeeb tub, thaum tus menyuam mos noj DHA txhua hnub yog 5 npaug ntawm tus neeg laus(Bourre, J. Nutr. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Laus Xyoo 2006; McNamara li al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Qhov tseem ceeb. Rog. Acid 2006)Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais DHA txaus thaum cev xeeb tub thiab menyuam yaus. Nws raug pom zoo kom cov niam noj 200 mg ntawm DHA ib hnub thaum cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis.(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med. 2008; Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj Hauv Tebchaws Europe, EFSA J. 2010)Ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev noj DHA thaum cev xeeb tub ua rau lub cev hnyav thiab ntev dua thaum yug los.(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), thaum tseem txhim kho lub peev xwm paub thaum yau(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Kev noj DHA ntxiv thaum pub niam mis ua rau cov lus piav tes zoo dua (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub hlwb, thiab ua rau IQ nce ntxiv (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011; Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Cov menyuam yaus uas tau noj DHA qhia tau tias lawv kawm lus thiab sau ntawv tau zoo dua.(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Qhov tseem ceeb. Rog. Acid 2009).

Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxiv DHA thaum lub sijhawm laus tsis paub meej, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog kawm ntawv qib siab tau qhia tias kev ntxiv DHA rau plaub lub lis piam tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Hauv cov pej xeem uas tsis nco qab zoo lossis kho siab, kev ntxiv DHA tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco txog qee lub sijhawm (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kev ntxiv DHA rau cov neeg laus pab ua kom muaj peev xwm paub thiab nco qab. Cov khoom grey, nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub hlwb cortex, txhawb nqa ntau yam kev ua ub no ntawm kev paub thiab kev coj cwj pwm hauv lub hlwb, nrog rau kev tsim kev xav thiab kev paub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom grey txo qis nrog hnub nyoog, thiab kev ntxhov siab oxidative thiab kev o hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj nce ntxiv nrog hnub nyoog. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev ntxiv DHA tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm nco qab thiab paub ntau ntxiv (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntau zuj zus, kev nco qab yuav poob qis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas hlwb. Lwm yam kab mob hauv lub hlwb kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tus kab mob Alzheimer, ib hom kev puas hlwb hauv cov neeg laus. Ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev noj ntau dua 200 milligrams ntawm DHA txhua hnub tuaj yeem txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb lossis kev puas hlwb. Tam sim no, tsis muaj pov thawj meej rau kev siv DHA hauv kev kho tus kab mob Alzheimer, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim qhia tias kev noj DHA muaj qee yam zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Qhov Muag

Kev tshawb fawb hauv nas tau pom tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm retinal DHA, txawm tias yog vim kev tsim khoom lossis kev thauj mus los, muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov muag. Cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration, ntshav qab zib-cuam tshuam retinopathy, thiab retinal pigment dystrophies muaj DHA qis dua hauv lawv cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis meej tias qhov no yog qhov ua rau lossis qhov tshwm sim. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kho mob lossis nas ntxiv DHA lossis lwm yam roj polyunsaturated fatty acids ntev tseem tsis tau ua rau muaj qhov xaus meej (Swinkels thiab Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias retina muaj ntau cov roj polyunsaturated fatty acids ntev, nrog DHA yog qhov tseem ceeb, DHA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg (Swinkels thiab Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

DHA thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Lub Plawv

Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov roj fatty acids uas saturated yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv, thaum cov roj fatty acids uas tsis saturated yog qhov zoo. Txawm hais tias muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm tias DHA txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv, ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb kuj qhia tias cov teebmeem ntawm DHA rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv tsis meej. Hauv cov lus piv txwv, EPA ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Txawm li cas los xij, American Heart Association pom zoo kom cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv ntxiv nrog 1 gram ntawm EPA + DHA txhua hnub (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).