Gịnị bụ DHA?

DHA bụ docosahexaenoic acid, nke bụ omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Foto nke 1). Gịnị mere e ji akpọ ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Nke mbụ, agbụ abụba ya nwere njikọ abụọ nke na-enweghị afọ ojuju isii; nke abụọ, OMEGA bụ mkpụrụedemede Grik nke 24 na nke ikpeazụ. Ebe ọ bụ na njikọ abụọ nke na-enweghị afọ ojuju ikpeazụ na agbụ abụba dị na atọm carbon nke atọ sitere na njedebe methyl, a na-akpọ ya OMEGA-3, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dnkesa na usoro nke DHA

Ihe karịrị ọkara nke ibu nke isi akwara ụbụrụ bụ lipid, nke bara ụba na OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ebe DHA na-ejide 90% nke OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids na 10-20% nke mkpokọta lipids ụbụrụ. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) na ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) mejupụtara naanị obere akụkụ. DHA bụ isi ihe dị na nhazi lipid membrane dị iche iche, dị ka neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, na mitochondria. Na mgbakwunye, DHA na-etinye aka na transduction nke cell membrane signaling, ngosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, mmezi oxidative neural, si otú a na-ahazi mmepe na ọrụ ụbụrụ. Ya mere, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe ụbụrụ, nnyefe akwara, ncheta, nghọta, wdg. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Mkpụrụ ndụ fotoreceptor dị n'akụkụ fotoreceptor retina bara ụba na polyunsaturated fatty acids, ebe DHA na-aza ihe karịrị 50% nke polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA bụ isi ihe dị na isi abụba ndị na-enweghị afọ ojuju na mkpụrụ ndụ fotoreceptor, na-esonye na owuwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a, yana n'ịme ka a na-ahụ ihe ngosi anya na ime ka ndụ sel dịkwuo mma na nzaghachi maka nrụgide oxidative (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA na Ahụike Mmadụ

Ọrụ DHA na Mmepe Ụbụrụ, Nghọta, Ncheta, na Mmetụta Omume

Mmepe nke ụbụrụ n'ihu na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na DHA inye(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), na-emetụta ikike nghọta, gụnyere itinye uche, ime mkpebi, yana mmetụta uche na omume mmadụ. Ya mere, ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa DHA dị elu abụghị naanị ihe dị mkpa maka mmepe ụbụrụ n'oge afọ ime na ntorobịa, kamakwa ọ dị mkpa maka nghọta na omume n'ime ndị okenye. Ọkara nke DHA dị n'ụbụrụ nwa ọhụrụ na-esi na mkpokọta DHA nke nne n'oge afọ ime, ebe oriri DHA nke nwa ọhụrụ kwa ụbọchị bụ okpukpu ise nke nke onye toro eto.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Ahụike Ịka nká 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Mkpa. Abụba. Acids 2006)Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa inweta DHA zuru oke n'oge afọ ime na nwa ọhụrụ. A na-atụ aro ka ndị nne na-aṅụ 200 mg nke DHA kwa ụbọchị n'oge afọ ime na inye nwa ara.(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchekwa Nri nke Europe, EFSA J. 2010)Nnyocha dị iche iche egosila na mgbakwunye DHA n'oge ime na-eme ka ibu na ogologo ọmụmụ dịkwuo elu.(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ebe ọ na-emekwa ka ikike nghọta dịkwuo mma n'oge nwata(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Ịtinye DHA n'ọrụ n'oge ị na-enye nwa ara na-eme ka asụsụ mmegharị ahụ dịkwuo mma (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), na-eme ka ọgụgụ isi ụmụ ọhụrụ dịkwuo mma, ma na-eme ka IQ dịkwuo elu (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011; Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Ụmụaka ndị a na-enye DHA na-egosi na ha ka mma n'ịmụ asụsụ na ide ihe(Da lton et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Mkpa. Abụba. Acids 2009).

Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta nke itinye DHA n'ọrụ n'oge ntozu okè edoghị anya, nnyocha n'etiti ndị ntorobịa dị afọ kọleji egosila na itinye DHA n'ọrụ ruo izu anọ nwere ike ime ka mmụta na ncheta dịkwuo mma (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). N'ime ndị nwere ncheta na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ owu ọmụma, itinye DHA n'ọrụ nwere ike ime ka ncheta na-aga nke ọma (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ịgbakwunye DHA n'ime ndị okenye na-enyere aka ịbawanye ikike nghọta na ncheta. Isi awọ, nke dị n'elu mpụta nke cortex ụbụrụ, na-akwado ọrụ ọgụgụ isi na omume dị iche iche n'ụbụrụ, yana mmepụta nke mmetụta uche na uche. Agbanyeghị, olu isi awọ na-ebelata ka afọ na-aga, nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt na sistemụ akwara na sistemu ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-abawanye ka afọ na-aga. Nnyocha na-egosi na ịgbakwunye DHA nwere ike ịbawanye ma ọ bụ nọgide na-enwe olu isi awọ ma melite ikike ncheta na nghọta (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Ka afọ na-aga n'ihu, ncheta na-ebelata, nke nwere ike ibute isi mgbaka. Ọrịa ụbụrụ ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike ibute ọrịa Alzheimer, ụdị isi mgbaka n'ime ndị agadi. Ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosi na itinye ihe karịrị milligram 200 nke DHA kwa ụbọchị nwere ike ime ka mmepe ọgụgụ isi ma ọ bụ isi mgbaka ka mma. Ugbu a, enweghị ihe akaebe doro anya maka ojiji DHA n'ịgwọ ọrịa Alzheimer, mana nsonaazụ nnwale na-egosi na mgbakwunye DHA nwere mmetụta dị mma n'igbochi ọrịa Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA na Ahụike Anya

Nnyocha e mere n'elu òké achọpụtala na enweghị DHA retinal, ma ọ bụ n'ihi njikọ ya ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ike ịhụ ihe nke ọma, nwere njikọ chiri anya na nsogbu anya. Ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa macular degeneration nke afọ, retinopathy nke metụtara ọrịa shuga, na retinal pigment dystrophies nwere obere ọkwa DHA n'ọbara ha. Agbanyeghị, o doghị anya ma nke a ọ bụ ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara ya. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ahụike ma ọ bụ òké nke na-agbakwunye DHA ma ọ bụ polyunsaturated fatty acids ndị ọzọ dị ogologo emebeghị ka e nwee nkwubi okwu doro anya (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na retina bara ụba na polyunsaturated fatty acids ogologo ogologo, ebe DHA bụ isi ihe mejupụtara ya, DHA dị oke mkpa maka ahụike anya nkịtị nke ụmụ mmadụ (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

DHA na Ahụike Obi

Ịchịkọta abụba juru eju na-emebi ahụike obi, ebe abụba ndị na-enweghị afọ ojuju bara uru. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere akụkọ na DHA na-akwalite ahụike obi, ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosikwa na mmetụta DHA na ahụike obi edoghị anya. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, EPA na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Agbanyeghị, American Heart Association na-atụ aro ka ndị ọrịa obi na-arịa ọrịa obi na-agbakwunye gram 1 nke EPA+DHA kwa ụbọchị (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).