Kuyini i-DHA?

I-DHA yi-docosahexaenoic acid, eyingxenye yama-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Isithombe 1). Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi i-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Okokuqala, uchungechunge lwayo lwe-fatty acid lunezibopho eziphindwe kabili eziyi-6 ezingagcwalisiwe; okwesibili, i-OMEGA iyinhlamvu yesi-24 neyokugcina yesiGreki. Njengoba isibopho esiphindwe kabili sokugcina esichungechungeni se-fatty acid sitholakala ku-athomu yesithathu yekhabhoni kusukela ekugcineni kwe-methyl, ibizwa ngokuthi i-OMEGA-3, okwenza kube yi-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dukusatshalaliswa kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwe-DHA

Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yesisindo sesiqu sobuchopho yi-lipid, ecebile ngama-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, kanti i-DHA ithatha u-90% wama-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids kanye no-10-20% wama-lipids obuchopho aphelele. I-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) kanye ne-ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) zakha ingxenye encane kuphela. I-DHA iyisakhi esiyinhloko sezakhiwo ezahlukene zama-lipids e-membrane, njenge-neuronal synapses, i-endoplasmic reticulum, kanye ne-mitochondria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DHA ihilelekile ekudlulisweni kwesignali okuqondiswa yi-membrane yeseli, ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukulungiswa kwe-oxidative ye-neural, ngaleyo ndlela ixhumanisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho, ukudluliselwa kwe-neural, inkumbulo, ukuqonda, njll. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Amaseli e-photoreceptor engxenyeni ezwela ukukhanya kwe-retina acebile ngama-fatty acid e-polyunsaturated, kanti i-DHA ikhiqiza ama-fatty acid angaphezu kuka-50% (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). I-DHA iyisakhi esiyinhloko sama-fatty acid amakhulu angagcwele kumaseli e-photoreceptor, ahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwala maseli, kanye nasekuqondiseni ukudluliselwa kwesignali ebonakalayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusinda kwamaseli ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative (Swinkels noBaes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

I-DHA kanye Nempilo Yabantu

Indima ye-DHA ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho, ukuqonda, inkumbulo, kanye nemizwelo yokuziphatha

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-lobe yangaphambili yobuchopho kuthonywa kakhulu ukunikezwa kwe-DHA(Ama-lipid e-Goustard-Langelie ka-1999), okuthinta ikhono lokuqonda, okuhlanganisa ukugxila, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nemizwa nokuziphatha komuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina amazinga aphezulu e-DHA akubalulekile nje kuphela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuthomba, kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuziphatheni kwabantu abadala. Ingxenye ye-DHA ebuchosheni bomntwana ivela ekuqongeleleni kwe-DHA kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuyilapho ukudla kwengane i-DHA nsuku zonke kuphindwe kahlanu kunokwabantu abadala.(I-Bourre, J. Nutr. Ukuguga Kwezempilo 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Okubalulekile. Amafutha. Ama-Acids 2006)Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola i-DHA eyanele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nosana. Kunconywa ukuthi omama bangeze ama-200 mg e-DHA ngosuku ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuncelisa.(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; I-European Food Safety Authority, i-EFSA J. 2010)Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zikhombisile ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-DHA ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa isisindo sokuzalwa kanye nobude besikhathi sokukhulelwa.(UMakrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), kuyilapho futhi kuthuthukiswa amakhono okuqonda ebuntwaneni(U-Helland et al., I-Pediatrics 2003).

Ukwengeza i-DHA ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kuthuthukisa ulimi lwesisu (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kuthuthukisa intuthuko yengqondo yezingane, futhi kwandisa i-IQ (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011); Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Izingane ezifakwe i-DHA zibonisa amakhono athuthukisiwe okufunda ulimi kanye nokupela(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Okubalulekile. Amafutha. Ama-Acids 2009).

Nakuba imiphumela yokwengeza i-DHA ngesikhathi sobudala ingaqinisekile, izifundo phakathi kwentsha esekolishi zikhombisile ukuthi ukwengeza i-DHA amasonto amane kungathuthukisa ukufunda kanye nenkumbulo (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Kubantu abanenkumbulo embi noma isizungu, ukwengeza i-DHA kungathuthukisa inkumbulo yezigameko (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ukwengeza i-DHA kubantu abadala kusiza ukwandisa amakhono okuqonda kanye nokukhumbula. I-Grey matter, etholakala ebusweni bangaphandle be-cortex yobuchopho, isekela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuqonda kanye nokuziphatha ebuchosheni, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemizwa kanye nokuqwashisa. Kodwa-ke, ivolumu ye-grey matter iyancipha ngokuguga, futhi ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokuvuvukala ohlelweni lwezinzwa kanye nokuzivikela komzimba nakho kuyanda ngokuguga. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwengeza i-DHA kungakhulisa noma kugcine ivolumu ye-grey matter futhi kuthuthukise amakhono enkumbulo kanye nokuqonda (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Njengoba ukuguga kuqhubeka, inkumbulo iyawohloka, okungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwengqondo. Ezinye izifo zobuchopho zingaholela nasekufeni kwe-Alzheimer's, uhlobo lwe-dementia kubantu asebekhulile. Izifundo eziningana ziphakamisa ukuthi ukungezelelwa nsuku zonke kwama-milligram angaphezu kuka-200 e-DHA kungathuthukisa intuthuko yengqondo noma i-dementia. Njengamanje, abukho ubufakazi obucacile bokusetshenziswa kwe-DHA ekwelapheni isifo se-Alzheimer's, kodwa imiphumela yokuhlola iphakamisa ukuthi ukungezelelwa kwe-DHA kunomphumela omuhle ekuvimbeleni isifo se-Alzheimer's (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

I-DHA kanye nempilo yamehlo

Ucwaningo olwenziwe kumagundane luthole ukuthi ukuntuleka kwe-DHA ye-retinal, kungaba ngenxa yokwakheka noma izizathu zokuhamba, kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokukhubazeka kokubona. Iziguli ezine-aging-related macular degeneration, i-diabetes-associated retinopathy, kanye ne-retinal pigment dystrophies zinamazinga aphansi e-DHA egazini lazo. Kodwa-ke, akukacaci ukuthi lokhu kuyimbangela noma umphumela. Izifundo zemitholampilo noma zamagundane ezinezela i-DHA noma amanye ama-polyunsaturated fatty acids e-long-chain azikafiki esiphethweni esicacile (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuthi i-retina icebile ngama-polyunsaturated fatty acids e-long-chain, kanti i-DHA iyisakhi esiyinhloko, i-DHA ibalulekile empilweni evamile yamehlo yabantu (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

I-DHA kanye nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

Ukuqongelela ama-fatty acid agcwele kuyingozi empilweni yenhliziyo, kuyilapho ama-fatty acid angagcwele ewusizo. Nakuba kunemibiko yokuthi i-DHA ikhuthaza impilo yenhliziyo, izifundo eziningi zibonisa nokuthi imiphumela ye-DHA empilweni yenhliziyo ayicacile. Ngokwezibalo ezilinganiselwe, i-EPA idlala indima ebalulekile (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Noma kunjalo, i-American Heart Association incoma ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo zifake i-1 gram ye-EPA+DHA nsuku zonke (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).