Chii chinonzi DHA?

DHA idocosahexaenoic acid, iri muomega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Mufananidzo 1). Sei ichinzi OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Chekutanga, fatty acid chain yayo ine ma unsaturated double bonds matanhatu; chechipiri, OMEGA ibhii rechi24 uye rekupedzisira rechiGiriki. Sezvo unsaturated double bond yekupedzisira mu fatty acid chain iri paatomu yekabhoni yechitatu kubva kumagumo emethyl, inonzi OMEGA-3, zvichiita kuti ive OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dkugoverwa uye mashandiro eDHA

Inopfuura hafu yehuremu hwetsinga dzeuropi ine mafuta, akapfuma muOMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA ichitora 90% yeOMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids uye 10-20% yemafuta ese europi. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) uye ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) zvinoumba chikamu chidiki chete. DHA ndiyo chikamu chikuru chezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zve membrane lipids, zvakaita se neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, uye mitochondria. Pamusoro pezvo, DHA inobatanidzwa mu cell membrane-mediated signal transduction, gene expression, neural oxidative repair, nokudaro ichibatanidza kukura kweuropi nekushanda kwayo. Nokudaro, inoita basa rakakosha mukukura kweuropi, neural transmission, memory, cognition, nezvimwewo. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Masero e photoreceptor ari muchikamu chinonzwa chiedza che retina ane mafuta akawanda e polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA ichitora anopfuura 50% e polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA ndiyo chikamu chikuru che unsaturated fatty acids huru mumasero e photoreceptor, ichibatsira mukuvaka masero aya, pamwe nekubatsira mukuchinjana kwezviratidzo zvinoonekwa uye kuwedzera kupona kwemasero mukupindura kushushikana kwe oxidative (Swinkels naBaes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA nehutano hwevanhu

Basa reDHA mukukura kwehuropi, kuziva, kurangarira, uye manzwiro ekuzvibata

Kukura kwechikamu chepamberi cheuropi kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekuwanikwa kweDHA.(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Mafuta), zvichikanganisa kugona kwekufunga, kusanganisira kutarisa, kuita sarudzo, pamwe nemanzwiro nemaitiro evanhu. Nokudaro, kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hweDHA hakungokoshi chete pakukura kweuropi panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyaruka, asiwo kwakakosha pakuziva nemaitiro muvakuru. Hafu yeDHA muuropi hwemucheche inobva mukuunganidzwa kweDHA yaamai panguva yekuzvitakura, nepo kudya kweDHA kwezuva nezuva kwemucheche kuri kashanu kupfuura kwemunhu mukuru.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Hutano Hwekukwegura 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Mafuta. Acids 2006)Saka zvakakosha kuwana DHA yakakwana panguva yekuzvitakura nemwana mucheche. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanaamai vawedzere 200 mg yeDHA pazuva panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa.(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; Chiremera cheKuchengetedzwa Kwechikafu cheEurope, EFSA J. 2010)Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kweDHA panguva yekuzvitakura kunowedzera huremu neurefu hwekuzvarwa.(Makrides nevamwe, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ukuwo uchivandudzawo kugona kwekufunga muhudiki(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Kuwedzerwa DHA panguva yekuyamwisa kunovandudza mutauro wepamuviri (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kunowedzera kukura kwepfungwa dzevana, uye kunowedzera IQ (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011).; Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Vana vane DHA vanowedzera hunyanzvi hwavo hwekudzidza mutauro nekupereta.(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Mafuta. Acids 2009).

Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekuwedzera DHA panguva yekukura isina chokwadi, zvidzidzo pakati pevechidiki vane makore ekukoreji zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera DHA kwemavhiki mana kunogona kusimudzira kudzidza nekurangarira (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Muvanhu vane ndangariro dzisina kunaka kana kusurukirwa, kuwedzera DHA kunogona kuvandudza ndangariro dzezviitiko (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kuwedzera DHA muvanhu vakuru kunobatsira kuwedzera kugona kwekuziva nekurangarira. Gray matter, iri pamusoro pekunze kweuropi cortex, inotsigira mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekuziva nekuita muuropi, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemanzwiro nepfungwa. Zvisinei, huwandu hwegray matter hunoderera nekukura, uye oxidative stress nekuzvimba mutsinga dzeropa nedziviriro yemuviri zvinowedzerawo nekukura. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kuwedzera DHA kunogona kuwedzera kana kuchengetedza huwandu hwegray matter uye kusimudzira kugona kwekurangarira nekuziva (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Sezvo kukwegura kuchikura, ndangariro dzinodzikira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera dementia. Zvimwe zvirwere zveuropi zvinogonawo kukonzera chirwere cheAlzheimer, rudzi rwe dementia kune vakwegura. Zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvinoratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwezuva nezuva kweanopfuura 200 milligrams eDHA kunogona kuvandudza kukura kwepfungwa kana dementia. Parizvino, hapana humbowo hwakajeka hwekushandiswa kweDHA mukurapa chirwere cheAlzheimer, asi mhedzisiro yekuyedza inoratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kweDHA kune mhedzisiro yakanaka mukudzivirira chirwere cheAlzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA uye Hutano hweMaziso

Ongororo yakaitwa mumakonzo yakawana kuti kushomeka kweDHA mu retina, kungave nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kana kuti nekuda kwekutakurwa kwayo, kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekutadza kuona zvakanaka. Varwere vane zera remacular degeneration, chirwere cheshuga-associated retinopathy, uye retinal pigment dystrophies vane mazinga eDHA akaderera muropa ravo. Zvisinei, hazvisati zvajeka kana ichi chiri chikonzero kana mhedzisiro yacho. Zvidzidzo zvekiriniki kana zvembeva zvinowedzera DHA kana mamwe ma polyunsaturated fatty acids marefu hazvisati zvasvika pamhedziso yakajeka (Swinkels naBaes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Kunyange zvakadaro, nekuti retina yakapfuma mu long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA iriyo chikamu chikuru, DHA yakakosha kune hutano hwemaziso hwevanhu (Swinkels naBaes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

DHA nehutano hwemwoyo

Kuunganidzwa kwemafuta akazara mumuviri kunokanganisa hutano hwemwoyo, nepo mafuta asina kuzara mumuviri achibatsira. Kunyangwe paine mishumo yekuti DHA inokurudzira hutano hwemwoyo, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidzawo kuti mhedzisiro yeDHA pahutano hwemwoyo haina kujeka. Kana tichienzanisa, EPA ine basa rakakosha (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Kunyange zvakadaro, American Heart Association inokurudzira kuti varwere vane chirwere chemwoyo vawedzere 1 gramu yeEPA+DHA zuva nezuva (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).