DHA ni iki?

DHA ni aside docosahexaenoic, iri mu bigize aside fatty acids omega-3 polyunsaturated (Ishusho ya 1). Kuki yitwa aside fatty acids OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated? Ubwa mbere, uruhererekane rwayo rwa aside fatty acids rufite imigozi 6 idafite ubushyuhe; icya kabiri, OMEGA ni inyuguti ya 24 kandi ya nyuma y'Ikigiriki. Kubera ko uruhererekane rwa nyuma rw'imigozi idafite ubushyuhe mu ruhererekane rwa aside fatty acids ruri ku gice cya gatatu cya atome ya karuboni ivuye ku mpera ya methyl, yitwa OMEGA-3, bigatuma iba aside fatty acids OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated.

Dikwirakwizwa n'uburyo DHA ikoreshwa

Ibirenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburemere bw'umutwe w'ubwonko ni ibinure, bikungahaye kuri aside y'ibinure ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated, DHA ikaba yiganjemo 90% bya aside y'ibinure ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated na 10-20% by'ibinure byose byo mu bwonko. EPA (aside eicosapentaenoic) na ALA (aside alpha-linolenic) bigize igice gito gusa. DHA ni yo gice cy'ingenzi cy'imiterere itandukanye ya lipide mu ruhu, nka synapses y'imitsi, endoplasmic reticulum, na mitochondria. Byongeye kandi, DHA igira uruhare mu gutanga ibimenyetso biva kuri membrane y'uturemangingo, kugaragaza ingirabuzima fatizo, gusana oxidative y'imitsi, bityo igahuza iterambere ry'ubwonko n'imikorere yabwo. Kubwibyo, igira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'ubwonko, kohereza ubwonko, kwibuka, kumenya, nibindi. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Uturemangingo tw’ifotoreceptor mu gice cy’ifoto cya retina dukungahaye kuri aside irike ya polyunsaturated, DHA ikaba igizwe na aside irike ya polyunsaturated irenga 50% (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA ni yo gice cy’ingenzi cya aside irike ya mbere idafite amavuta menshi mu turemangingo tw’ifotoreceptor, igira uruhare mu kubaka utwo turemangingo, ndetse no mu guhuza uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso by’amaso no kongera ubuzima bw’uturemangingo mu guhangana n’ihungabana rya oxidative (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA n'Ubuzima bw'Abantu

Uruhare rwa DHA mu iterambere ry'ubwonko, ubwenge, kwibuka, n'amarangamutima y'imyitwarire

Iterambere ry'agace k'imbere k'ubwonko riterwa cyane n'itangwa rya DHA(Ibinure bya Goustard-Langelie 1999), bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gutekereza, harimo kwibanda ku byo umuntu yibandaho, gufata ibyemezo, ndetse n'amarangamutima n'imyitwarire y'umuntu. Kubwibyo, kugumana urugero rwo hejuru rwa DHA ntabwo ari ingenzi gusa mu mikurire y'ubwonko mu gihe cyo gutwita no mu bwangavu, ahubwo ni ingenzi no mu mitekerereze n'imyitwarire ku bantu bakuru. Kimwe cya kabiri cya DHA mu bwonko bw'umwana gituruka ku kwegeranya DHA ya nyina mu gihe atwite, mu gihe umwana arya DHA buri munsi inshuro 5 z'umuntu mukuru.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Ubuzima bwo gusaza 2006; McNamara n'abandi, Prostaglandins Leukot. Icyangombwa. Ibinure. Acide 2006)Ni ngombwa rero kubona DHA ihagije mu gihe cyo gutwita no mu bwana. Ni byiza ko ababyeyi bongeraho 200 mg ya DHA ku munsi mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa.(Koletzko n'abandi, J. Perinat. Med.2008; Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa, EFSA J. 2010)Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwagaragaje ko kongerera DHA mu gihe cyo gutwita byongera ibiro n'uburebure bw'umwana utwite.(Makrides nibindi, Cochrane Ububiko Bwuzuye Syst Rev.2006), ndetse no kongera ubushobozi bwo gutekereza mu bwana(Helland n'abandi, Indwara z'abana 2003).

Kongera DHA mu gihe cyo konsa byongera ururimi rw'imyanya y'umubiri (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), byongera iterambere ry'ubwenge bw'abana, kandi byongera ubwenge (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011).; Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Abana bongerewe DHA bagaragaza ubumenyi bwo kwiga ururimi no kwandika neza.(Da lton et l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Icyangombwa. Ibinure. Acide 2009).

Nubwo ingaruka zo kongeramo DHA mu gihe cy'ubukure zitaramenyekana neza, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku rubyiruko ruri mu kigero cya kaminuza bwagaragaje ko kongeramo DHA mu byumweru bine bishobora kongera ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bwo kwibuka (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Mu bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kwibuka cyangwa irungu, kongeramo DHA bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwibuka mu gihe cy'ejo hazaza (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kongera DHA mu bantu bakuze bifasha kongera ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no kwibuka. Ibara ry'umukara, riherereye inyuma y'ubwonko, rifasha ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gutekereza no gukora mu bwonko, ndetse no gukora amarangamutima n'ubwenge. Ariko, ingano y'ibara ry'umukara iragabanuka uko umuntu asaza, kandi stress ya oxidative n'ububyimbirwe mu mitsi no mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri nabyo biriyongera uko umuntu asaza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kongerera DHA bishobora kongera cyangwa kugumana ingano y'ibara ry'umukara no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no gutekereza (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Uko imyaka igenda irushaho kwiyongera, kwibuka biragabanuka, bishobora gutera indwara yo kwibagirwa. Izindi ndwara zo mu bwonko nazo zishobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer, ubwoko bwa dementia ku bageze mu za bukuru. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko kongera miligarama zirenga 200 za DHA buri munsi bishobora kongera iterambere ry’ubwenge cyangwa dementia. Kuri ubu, nta bimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ikoreshwa rya DHA mu kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko kongera ingano ya DHA bigira ingaruka nziza mu gukumira indwara ya Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA n'Ubuzima bw'Amaso

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mbeba bwagaragaje ko kubura DHA mu miyoboro y'amaso, byaba biterwa no gukora cyangwa impamvu zo gutwara, bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubumuga bwo kutabona. Abarwayi bafite ikibazo cyo kwangirika k'amaso ku bijyanye n'imyaka, diyabete-associated retinopathy, hamwe na retinal pigment dystrophies bafite urugero ruto rwa DHA mu maraso yabo. Ariko, ntibiramenyekana neza niba iki ari cyo cyabiteye cyangwa icyabiteye. Inyigo zo kwa muganga cyangwa imbeba zuzuza DHA cyangwa izindi aside polyunsaturated fatty acids zo mu miyoboro miremire ntiziratanga umwanzuro usobanutse (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Nyamara, kubera ko retine ikungahaye kuri aside polyunsaturated fatty acids zo mu miyoboro miremire, DHA ikaba ari yo gice cy'ingenzi, DHA ni ingenzi ku buzima busanzwe bw'amaso y'abantu (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

DHA n'ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi

Kwiyongera kwa aside irike yuzuye byangiza ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi, mu gihe aside irike idafite amazi ifite akamaro. Nubwo hari raporo zivuga ko DHA iteza imbere ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugaragaza ko ingaruka za DHA ku buzima bw'umutima n'imitsi zitarasobanuka neza. Mu buryo bugereranije, EPA igira uruhare runini (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Nyamara, Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ry'Umutima risaba abarwayi b'indwara z'umutima kongera garama 1 ya EPA + DHA buri munsi (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).