Kodi DHA ndi chiyani?

DHA ndi docosahexaenoic acid, yomwe ndi ya omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Chithunzi 1). N’chifukwa chiyani imatchedwa OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Choyamba, unyolo wake wa fatty acid uli ndi ma unsaturated double bonds 6; chachiwiri, OMEGA ndi chilembo cha 24 komanso chomaliza cha Chigiriki. Popeza unyolo womaliza wa unsaturated double bond mu unyolo wa fatty acid uli pa atomu yachitatu ya carbon kuchokera kumapeto kwa methyl, umatchedwa OMEGA-3, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

DKugawa ndi njira ya DHA

Kulemera koposa theka la kulemera kwa tsinde la ubongo ndi mafuta, olemera mu OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ndipo DHA imatenga 90% ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ndi 10-20% ya mafuta onse a muubongo. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) ndi ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) zimapanga gawo laling'ono chabe. DHA ndiye gawo lalikulu la mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a lipid a membrane, monga neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, ndi mitochondria. Kuphatikiza apo, DHA imagwira ntchito yopititsa chizindikiro cha cell membrane, kufotokozera majini, kukonzanso kwa neural oxidative, motero imagwirizanitsa kukula ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. Chifukwa chake, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ubongo, kutumiza kwa mitsempha, kukumbukira, kuzindikira, ndi zina zotero. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Maselo olandira kuwala omwe ali m'gawo la retina lomwe limakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ali ndi mafuta ambiri a polyunsaturated, ndipo DHA imapanga mafuta opitilira 50% a polyunsaturated acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafuta osakwaniritsidwa m'maselo a photoreceptor, omwe amagwira ntchito yomanga maselowa, komanso amathandizira kufalikira kwa chizindikiro chowoneka bwino ndikuwonjezera kupulumuka kwa maselo poyankha kupsinjika kwa okosijeni (Swinkels ndi Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA ndi Thanzi la Anthu

Udindo wa DHA mu Kukula kwa Ubongo, Kuzindikira, Kukumbukira, ndi Kumva Khalidwe

Kukula kwa gawo la kutsogolo kwa ubongo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa DHA.(Mafuta a Goustard-Langelie 1999), zomwe zimakhudza luso la kuzindikira, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana kwambiri, kupanga zisankho, komanso malingaliro ndi machitidwe a anthu. Chifukwa chake, kusunga kuchuluka kwa DHA sikuti ndikofunikira kokha pakukula kwa ubongo panthawi ya mimba ndi unyamata, komanso ndikofunikira pa kuzindikira ndi khalidwe mwa akuluakulu. Hafu ya DHA muubongo wa khanda imachokera ku kuchuluka kwa DHA ya mayi panthawi ya mimba, pomwe kudya kwa khanda tsiku lililonse kwa DHA ndi kasanu kuposa kwa munthu wamkulu.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Ukalamba Wathanzi 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Zofunika. Mafuta. Acids 2006)Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza DHA yokwanira panthawi ya mimba ndi ubwana. Ndikofunikira kuti amayi aziwonjezera 200 mg ya DHA patsiku panthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa.(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; Bungwe Loona za Chitetezo cha Chakudya ku Ulaya, EFSA J. 2010)Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera DHA panthawi ya mimba kumawonjezera kulemera ndi kutalika kwa mwana wobadwa.(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), komanso kukulitsa luso la kuzindikira zinthu ali mwana(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Kuonjezera DHA panthawi yoyamwitsa kumawonjezera chilankhulo cha thupi (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kumawonjezera kukula kwa nzeru za makanda, ndikuwonjezera IQ (Drover et al., Early Hum. Dev.2011).; Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Ana othandizidwa ndi DHA amasonyeza luso lophunzira chilankhulo komanso kulemba bwino.(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Zofunika. Mafuta. Acids 2009).

Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za kuwonjezera DHA muukalamba sizikudziwika, kafukufuku pakati pa achinyamata azaka zaku koleji asonyeza kuti kuwonjezera DHA kwa milungu inayi kungathandize kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kukumbukira kapena kusungulumwa, kuwonjezera DHA kungathandize kukumbukira zochitika (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kuwonjezera DHA mwa okalamba kumathandiza kuwonjezera luso la kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira. Gray matter, yomwe ili pamwamba pa ubongo, imathandizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana za kuzindikira ndi khalidwe mu ubongo, komanso kupanga malingaliro ndi chidziwitso. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa imvi matter kumachepa ndi ukalamba, ndipo kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa m'maselo amitsempha ndi chitetezo chamthupi kumawonjezekanso ndi ukalamba. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera DHA kumatha kuwonjezera kapena kusunga kuchuluka kwa imvi matter ndikuwonjezera luso la kukumbukira ndi kuzindikira (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Pamene ukalamba ukupita patsogolo, kukumbukira kumachepa, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a dementia. Matenda ena a ubongo angayambitsenso matenda a Alzheimer's, mtundu wa dementia mwa okalamba. Kafukufuku angapo akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera tsiku lililonse mamiligalamu oposa 200 a DHA kungathandize kukula kwa nzeru kapena dementia. Pakadali pano, palibe umboni womveka bwino wogwiritsira ntchito DHA pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's, koma zotsatira za kafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera DHA kuli ndi zotsatira zabwino popewa matenda a Alzheimer's (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA ndi Thanzi la Maso

Kafukufuku wa mbewa wapeza kuti kusowa kwa DHA ya retina, kaya chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapena chifukwa cha mayendedwe, kumagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi vuto la kuwona. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la ukalamba, matenda a shuga, komanso matenda a retina ali ndi DHA yochepa m'magazi awo. Komabe, sizikudziwikabe ngati izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kapena zotsatira zake. Kafukufuku wamankhwala kapena wa mbewa wowonjezera DHA kapena ma polyunsaturated fatty acids ena a unyolo wautali sanapereke chitsimikizo chomveka bwino (Swinkels ndi Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Komabe, chifukwa retina ili ndi ma polyunsaturated fatty acids ambiri, ndipo DHA ndiye gawo lalikulu, DHA ndi yofunika kwambiri pa thanzi labwino la maso la anthu (Swinkels ndi Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition).

DHA ndi Thanzi la Mtima

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta okhuta kumawononga thanzi la mtima, pomwe mafuta osakhuta ndi opindulitsa. Ngakhale pali malipoti akuti DHA imalimbikitsa thanzi la mtima, maphunziro ambiri akuwonetsanso kuti zotsatira za DHA pa thanzi la mtima sizikudziwika bwino. Ponena za izi, EPA imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Komabe, bungwe la American Heart Association limalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda a mtima azidya 1 gramu ya EPA+DHA tsiku lililonse (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).