Udukoko duto tw’ibimera ni kamwe mu dukoko twa kera cyane ku Isi, ubwoko bw’udukoko duto dushobora gukura mu mazi meza no mu nyanja ku muvuduko utangaje wo kororoka. Ishobora gukoresha neza urumuri na dioxyde de carbone mu gutunganya fotosite cyangwa igakoresha amasoko yoroshye ya karubone mu gukura kwa heterotrophic, kandi igakora intungamubiri zitandukanye nka poroteyine, isukari, n’amavuta binyuze mu mikorere y’uturemangingo.

Kubwibyo, uturemangingo duto dufatwa nk'uturemangingo twiza cyane two kugera ku nganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima kandi zirambye, kandi twakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu biribwa, mu buzima, mu miti, mu mavuta yo kwisiga, mu mavuta akomoka kuri biolasitiki, no mu mavuta akomoka kuri bioplastike.

Vuba aha, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ibinyabuzima by’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo two mu gihugu, Protoga Biotech, yatangaje ko poroteyine yayo nshya y’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo yanyuze mu cyiciro cy’igerageza, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibiro 600 bya poroteyine ku munsi. Igicuruzwa cya mbere gishingiye kuri poroteyine nshya y’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo, amata y’ibimera by’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo, nacyo cyatsinze ikizamini cy’igerageza kandi biteganijwe ko kizatangizwa kikagurishwa mu mpera z’uyu mwaka.

Afashe aya mahirwe, Shenghui yaganiriye na Dr. Li Yanqun, injeniyeri mukuru ushinzwe iterambere ry’ibikoresho muri protoga Biotechnology. Yamenyesheje Shenghui ibisobanuro birambuye ku igeragezwa ry’igerageza rya poroteyine ntoya n’amahirwe yo gutera imbere mu rwego rwa poroteyine y’ibimera. Li Yanqun afite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga 40 mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n’ibiribwa binini, ahanini akora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya poroteyine ntoya n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibiribwa. Yarangije impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu buhanga bwo gutwika ibiribwa muri Kaminuza ya Jiangnan. Mbere yo kwinjira muri protoga Biology, yabaye umwarimu mu Ishuri ry’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Biribwa, Kaminuza ya Guangdong Ocean.

“Nk’uko izina ry’ikigo ribisobanura, protoga Biotechnology igomba guhanga udushya kuva ku busa no kugira ubushobozi bwo gukura kuva ku busa. Protoga ihagarariye umwuka w’ingenzi w’ikigo, ari na wo wiyemeje guhanga udushya aho dukomoka no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ibicuruzwa bishya by’umwimerere. Uburezi ni uguhinga no gukura, kandi ikoranabuhanga n’ibitekerezo by’udushya aho dukomoka bigomba gutera imbere mu nganda nshya, uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha, ndetse no mu buryo bushya bw’ubukungu. Twafunguye inzira nshya yo gukora ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye dukoresheje microalgae, ikaba ari inyongera y’ingenzi mu gutunganya no gutanga umutungo w’ibiribwa, hakurikijwe igitekerezo gikomeje kuvugwa cy’ibiribwa binini, ndetse no kunoza ibibazo by’ibidukikije.” Li Yanqun yabwiye Shenghui.

Iri koranabuhanga rikomoka muri Kaminuza ya Tsinghua, ryibanda ku guteza imbere poroteyine z’ibimera bya mikorobe
Protoga Biotechnology ni ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga rya biotechnology cyashinzwe mu 2021, cyibanda ku iterambere no gutunganya umusaruro w’ikoranabuhanga rya microalgae. Ikoranabuhanga ryayo ryavuye mu bushakashatsi bumaze imyaka hafi 30 bukorwa muri laboratwari ya microalgae ya Kaminuza ya Tsinghua. Amakuru rusange agaragaza ko kuva yashingwa, iyi sosiyete imaze gukusanya inkunga irenga miliyoni 100 z’amayuan no kwagura urwego rwayo.

Kugeza ubu, yashinze laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima bya sintetike i Shenzhen, ikigo cy’igerageza ry’igerageza i Zhuhai, uruganda rukora imashini i Qingdao, n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi i Beijing, bikubiyemo iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa, igerageza ry’imashini, ikorwa, n’uburyo bwo kubicuruza.

By’umwihariko, laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu binyabuzima by’ubukorano i Shenzhen yibanda cyane cyane ku bushakashatsi bw’ibanze kandi ifite uruhererekane rwuzuye rwa tekiniki kuva ku buhanga bw’ibanze bw’uturemangingo, kubaka inzira za metabolike, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma ubukana kugeza ku iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa; Ifite ahantu ho gukorera igerageza ha metero kare 3000 i Zhuhai kandi yashyizwe mu bikorwa by’igerageza. Inshingano zayo nyamukuru ni ukongera ubushyuhe no guhinga ubwoko bw’ibimera cyangwa udukoko twa bagiteri byakozwe na laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ku gipimo cy’igerageza, no gukomeza gutunganya ibimera bivamo ubushyuhe bikavamo ibicuruzwa; Uruganda rwa Qingdao ni urwego rw’inganda rushinzwe gukora ibicuruzwa ku rwego runini.

Dushingiye kuri izi mbuga z'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo gukora, dukoresha uburyo bw'inganda mu guhinga utwo tunyangingo duto no gukora ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye bishingiye ku tunyangingo duto n'ibicuruzwa byinshi, harimo poroteyine ya microalgae, levastaxanthin, microalgae exosomes, amavuta ya DHA algal, na polysaccharides za algae zidafite algae. Muri zo, amavuta ya DHA algal na polysaccharides za algae zidafite algae zatangijwe kugurishwa, mu gihe poroteyine ya microalgae ari cyo gicuruzwa cyacu gishya kandi ni umushinga w'ingenzi wo guteza imbere no kwagura umusaruro. Mu by'ukuri, aho poroteyine za microalgal ziherereye na ho dushobora kugaragara mu izina ry'Icyongereza rya metazoa, rishobora kumvikana nk'incamake y'ijambo "poroteyine ya microalga"

Poroteyine ya microalgae yatsinze neza ikizamini cy'igerageza, kandi biteganijwe ko amata akomoka ku bimera bya microalgae azashyirwa ahagaragara mu mpera z'umwaka.
“Poroteyine ni intungamubiri y'ingenzi ishobora kugabanywamo poroteyine y'amatungo na poroteyine y'ibimera. Ariko, haracyari ibibazo byo kutagira poroteyine ihagije kandi idahagije ku isi yose. Impamvu y'ibi ni uko umusaruro wa poroteyine ushingiye ahanini ku nyamaswa, hamwe n'ubushobozi buke bwo guhindura ibiribwa ndetse n'ibiciro biri hejuru. Hamwe n'impinduka mu mirire n'ibitekerezo byo kurya, akamaro ka poroteyine y'ibimera karagenda karushaho kugaragara. Twizera ko poroteyine y'ibimera, nka poroteyine nshya y'udukoko twateye imbere, ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kunoza ubwinshi bwa poroteyine,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Li Yanqun.

Yakomeje agaragaza ko ugereranije n'izindi, poroteyine y'ibimera bya microalgae y'ikigo ifite ibyiza byinshi mu gukora neza, guhuza, guhagarara neza, kurengera ibidukikije, no kugira intungamubiri. Ubwa mbere, poroteyine yacu ya microalgae mu by'ukuri isa cyane na "poroteyine yo gushyushya", ari yo poroteyine y'ibimera ikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, uburyo iyi poroteyine ishyushye ikorwa vuba, kandi uburyo bwo gushyushya bushobora kubaho umwaka wose nta ngaruka mbi ku bihe by'umwaka; Mu bijyanye no kugenzura no guhindagurika, uburyo bwo gushyushya bukorerwa ahantu hagenzurwa, bishobora kwemeza ko umusaruro umeze neza kandi uhoraho. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwo gushyushya bushobora kugabanywa no kugenzura uburyo ibintu bihinduka, bishobora kugabanya ingaruka z'ikirere n'ibindi bintu byo hanze; Mu bijyanye n'umutekano, uburyo iyi poroteyine ishyushye ishobora kugenzura neza imyanda n'udukoko, kongera umutekano w'ibiribwa, ndetse no kongera igihe cyo kugurisha umusaruro binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya; Poroteyine yacu y'ibimera ishyushye ifite kandi inyungu ku bidukikije. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo kamere nk'ubutaka n'amazi, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire n'imiti yica udukoko mu buhinzi, ndetse no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.

“Byongeye kandi, agaciro k’intungamubiri ka poroteyine y’ibimera bya microalgae na ko kakungahaye cyane. Ibigize aside amine birushaho kuba byiza kandi bihuye n’imiterere y’aside amine isabwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima kurusha iy’ibihingwa bikomeye nk’umuceri, ingano, ibigori na soya. Byongeye kandi, poroteyine y’ibimera bya microalgae igizwe n’amavuta make gusa, cyane cyane amavuta adafite ibinure, kandi ntabwo irimo cholesterol, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro cyane ku mirire y’umubiri. Ku rundi ruhande, poroteyine y’ibimera bya microalgae igizwe n’izindi ntungamubiri, zirimo carotenoids, vitamine, imyunyu ngugu ishingiye ku binyabuzima, n’ibindi.” Li Yanqun yavuze yiringiye.

Shenghui yamenye ko ingamba z’ikigo zo guteza imbere poroteyine y’uturemangingo duto zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, guteza imbere ibikoresho fatizo bishya bya poroteyine y’uturemangingo duto kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho fatizo ku bigo nk’ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa ibikoresho bya biyoloji; Ku rundi ruhande, hashyizweho urukurikirane rw’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano bishingiye kuri poroteyine nshya ya poroteyine y’uturemangingo duto, bigakora ihuriro ry’ibikomoka kuri poroteyine y’uturemangingo duto. Igicuruzwa cya mbere ni amata y’ibimera bya poroteyine.

Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko poroteyine y’inka za microalgae y’iyi sosiyete iherutse kurenga icyiciro cy’igerageza, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibiro bigera kuri 600 ku munsi bya poroteyine y’inka za microalgae. Biteganijwe ko izatangizwa muri uyu mwaka. Byongeye kandi, poroteyine y’inka za microalgae nayo yanyuze mu miterere y’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge kandi isaba patenti zitandukanye z’ubuvumbuzi. Li Yanqun yavuze abikuye ku mutima ko iterambere rya poroteyine ari ingamba z’igihe kirekire z’iyi sosiyete, kandi poroteyine y’inka za microalgae ni ingenzi mu kugera kuri iyi ngamba. Igeragezwa ry’igerageza rya poroteyine y’inka za microalgae kuri iyi nshuro ni intambwe ikomeye mu kugera ku ngamba zacu z’igihe kirekire. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibicuruzwa bishya bizagira uruhare mu iterambere ryiza ry’iyi sosiyete no kuzana imbaraga zikomeye mu mikorere yayo ihoraho; Kuri sosiyete, iyi ni ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’igitekerezo cy’ibiryo binini, bikongera imbaraga ku isoko ry’ibiribwa.

Amata y'ibimera ni ubwoko bunini bw'ibiribwa bikomoka ku bimera biri ku isoko, harimo amata ya soya, amata y'inkoko, amata y'ubunyobwa, amata y'ingano, amata y'ibitoki, n'amata y'ibirungo. Amata y'ibimera ya protoga Biology azaba ari icyiciro gishya cy'amata akomoka ku bimera, biteganijwe ko azatangizwa kandi akagurishwa mu mpera z'uyu mwaka, kandi azaba amata ya mbere ku isi akomoka ku bimera bya microalgae yagurishijwe cyane.

Amata ya soya afite poroteyine nyinshi, ariko hari impumuro y'ibishyimbo n'ibintu birwanya intungamubiri muri soya, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryayo neza mu mubiri. Amata y'ibishyimbo ni ibinyampeke bifite poroteyine nkeya, kandi kurya ingano imwe ya poroteyine bitanga karubohidrati nyinshi. Amata y'ibimera nk'amata y'ibinyomoro, amata y'ibitoki, n'amata y'ibinyabutabire afite ingano nyinshi y'amavuta, kandi ashobora gukoresha amavuta menshi iyo akoreshejwe. Ugereranyije n'ibi bicuruzwa, amata y'ibinyabutabire bifite ingano nkeya y'amavuta na sitashi, hamwe n'ingano nini ya poroteyine. Amata y'ibinyabutabire bifite poroteyine nkeya akomoka ku binyabuzima bya kera akorwa mu binyabutabire bifite imiterere ya lutein, carotenoids, na vitamine, kandi afite agaciro kanini k'intungamubiri. Ikindi kintu kiranga ni uko aya mata akomoka ku bimera akorwa hakoreshejwe uturemangingo tw'ibimera kandi akagumana intungamubiri zuzuye, harimo na fibre nyinshi; Ku bijyanye n'uburyohe, amata y'ibinyabutabire akomoka ku bimera akenshi agira uburyohe bukomoka ku bimera ubwabyo. Microalgae yacu yatoranijwe ifite impumuro ntoya y'ibinyabutabire kandi igenzurwa kugira ngo itange uburyohe butandukanye binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryihariye. Nizera ko amata akomoka ku bimera, nk'ubwoko bushya bw'ibicuruzwa, nta kabuza azayobora iterambere ry'inganda, bityo agateza imbere iterambere ry'isoko ryose ry'amata akomoka ku bimera nk'uko Li Yanqun yasobanuye.

“Isoko rya poroteyine y’ibimera ririmo guhura n’amahirwe meza yo gutera imbere”
Poroteyine y'ibimera ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine ikomoka ku bimera, umubiri w'umuntu ubasha kuyisya no kuyinjiza mu buryo bworoshye. Ni imwe mu masoko y'ingenzi ya poroteyine ikomoka ku biryo by'abantu, kandi kimwe na poroteyine ikomoka ku bimera, ishobora gushyigikira ibikorwa bitandukanye by'ubuzima nko gukura kw'abantu no gutanga ingufu. Ku bantu barya inyama, abantu bafite ubwivumbure bwa poroteyine ikomoka ku bimera, ndetse n'abakunda ibidukikije, ni nziza kurushaho kandi ni ngombwa.

“Ukurikije uko abaguzi bakenera, uburyo bwo kurya neza, n’umutekano w’ibiribwa, abantu bakenera ibisimbura poroteyine ku biribwa n’inyama mu buryo burambye. Ndizera ko igipimo cya poroteyine y’ibimera mu mirire y’abantu kizakomeza kwiyongera, kandi imiterere n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa nabyo bizahinduka cyane. Muri make, gukenera poroteyine y’ibimera bizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza, kandi isoko rya poroteyine y’ibimera ririmo gutanga amahirwe meza yo gutera imbere,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Li Yanqun.

Nk’uko raporo y’isoko mpuzamahanga rya The Bussiness Research Company yo mu 2024 ibivuga, ingano y’isoko rya poroteyine y’ibimera yagiye yiyongera cyane mu myaka yashize. Ingano y’isoko muri 2024 izagera kuri miliyari 52.08 z’amadolari y’Amerika, kandi biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko muri uru rwego iziyongera ikagera kuri miliyari 107.28 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2028, hamwe n’igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umwaka kingana na 19.8%.

Li Yanqun yakomeje agira ati: “Mu by’ukuri, inganda za poroteyine z’ibimera zifite amateka maremare kandi si inganda zikiri kuzamuka. Mu myaka icumi ishize, isoko ryose rya poroteyine z’ibimera rigenda rirushaho kuba ryiza kandi imyumvire y’abantu irahinduka, byongeye gukurura abantu. Biteganijwe ko igipimo cy’iterambere ry’isoko ku isi kigera kuri 20% mu myaka 10 iri imbere.”

Icyakora, yavuze kandi ko nubwo inganda za poroteyine z'ibimera ziri mu cyiciro cy'iterambere ryihuse muri iki gihe, haracyari ibibazo byinshi bigomba gukemurwa no kunozwa mu iterambere. Ubwa mbere, hari ikibazo cy'ingeso zo kurya. Kuri zimwe muri poroteyine z'ibimera zitari gakondo, abaguzi bagomba kumenyera buhoro buhoro inzira yo kwakira; Hanyuma hari ikibazo cy'uburyohe bwa poroteyine z'ibimera. Poroteyine z'ibimera ubwazo zifite uburyohe bwihariye, busaba kandi inzira yo kwakira no kumenya. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa tekiniki nabwo burakenewe mu cyiciro cya mbere; Byongeye kandi, hari ibibazo bijyanye n'amahame agenga, kandi muri iki gihe, zimwe muri poroteyine z'ibimera zishobora kuba zifite uruhare mu bibazo nko kutagira amabwiriza akwiye yo gukurikiza.