Ii-vesicles ze-extracellular zii-nano vesicles ze-endogenous ezikhutshwa ziiseli, ezinobubanzi obuyi-30-200 nm, zigqunywe kwi-lipid bilayer membrane, zithwele ii-nucleic acids, iiproteni, ii-lipids, kunye ne-metabolites. Ii-vesicles ze-extracellular zezona zixhobo ziphambili zonxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli kwaye zithatha inxaxheba ekutshintshiselaneni kwezinto phakathi kweeseli. Ii-vesicles ze-extracellular zinokukhutshwa ziiseli ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo neziyi-pathological, ikakhulu ezivela ekudalweni kwee-multivesicular lysosomal particles ngaphakathi kweeseli. Emva kokudibana kwe-extracellular membrane kunye ne-external membrane yeeseli ezininzi, zikhutshwa kwi-extracellular matrix. Ngenxa ye-immunogenicity yayo ephantsi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingezizo ezinobungozi, amandla okujolisa aqinileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukuwela umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, ithathwa njengesixhobo esinokuba ngumthwali weziyobisi. Ngo-2013, iMbasa yeNobel kwiPhysiology okanye kwiMedicine yanikezelwa kwizazinzulu ezintathu ezibandakanyeka kuphononongo lwee-external vesicles. Ukususela ngoko, kubekho uphando, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-extracellular vesicles kuzo zombini izifundo kunye noshishino.

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Ii-vesicles ze-extracellular ezivela kwiiseli zezityalo zizityebi kwizithako ezisebenzayo ezikhethekileyo, zinomthamo omncinci, kwaye zinokungena kwizicubu. Uninzi lwazo lunokutyiwa kwaye lufunxwe ngqo emathunjini. Umzekelo, ii-ginseng bubbles ziluncedo ekuhlukaniseni iiseli ze-stem zibe ziiseli zemithambo-luvo, ngelixa ii-ginger bubbles zinokulawula i-gut microbiota kwaye zinciphise i-colitis. Ii-Microalgae zezona zityalo zindala ezineseli enye eMhlabeni. Kukho phantse iintlobo ezingama-300000 ze-microalgae, ezisasazeke kakhulu kwiilwandle, emachibini, emilanjeni, entlango, kwiintlambo, kwiiqhwa nakwezinye iindawo, ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo zengingqi. Kuyo yonke inguqu ye-3 yeebhiliyoni zoMhlaba, ii-microalgae bezisoloko zikwazi ukuphumelela njengeeseli enye eMhlabeni, nto leyo enxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokukhula kwazo okumangalisayo kunye nobuchule bokuziphilisa.

Ii-microalgae extracellular vesicles zizinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo ze-biomedical ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nozinzo. Ii-Microalgae zineengenelo zenkqubo yokulima elula nelawulekayo, iindleko eziphantsi, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, isivuno esiphezulu se-vesicle, kunye nobunjineli obulula ekuveliseni ii-extracellular vesicles. Kwizifundo zangaphambili, kufunyaniswe ukuba ii-microalgae extracellular vesicles zifakwa ngaphakathi ngokulula ziiseli. Kwiimodeli zezilwanyana, kufunyaniswe ukuba zifunxwe ngqo emathunjini kwaye zityetyiswe kwiithishu ezithile. Emva kokungena kwi-cytoplasm, inokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi, nto leyo eluncedo ekukhutshweni kwamayeza ixesha elide.

Ukongeza, ii-microalgae extracellular vesicles zinamandla okulayisha amayeza amaninzi, ukuphucula uzinzo lweemolekyuli, ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo, ukulungelelaniswa komlomo, kunye nokusombulula imiqobo ekhoyo yokuhanjiswa kwamayeza. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwee-microalgae extracellular vesicles lunokwenzeka kakhulu ekuguqulelweni kweklinikhi kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso.