Ko ngā vesicles o waho o te pūtau he nano vesicles taketake e hunaia ana e ngā pūtau, he 30-200 nm te whānui, he mea takai ki roto i te kiriuhi lipid-rua-paparanga, e mau ana i ngā waikawa karihi, ngā pūmua, ngā lipid, me ngā metabolites. Ko ngā vesicles o waho o te pūtau te taputapu matua mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau me te whai wāhi ki te whakawhiti matū i waenga i ngā pūtau. Ka taea te huna i ngā vesicles o waho o te pūtau e ngā pūtau rerekē i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa me ngā āhuatanga mate, ko te nuinga i ahu mai i te hanganga o ngā matūriki lysosomal multivesicular i roto i ngā pūtau. I muri i te hanumitanga o te membrane o waho o te pūtau me te membrane o waho o ngā pūtau multivesicular, ka tukuna ki roto i te matrix o waho o te pūtau. Nā te iti o tōna ārai mate, ngā pānga taha kore-paitini, te kaha ki te arotahi, me te kaha ki te whiti i te arai toto-roro, e kiia ana he kaikawe rongoā pea. I te tau 2013, i whakawhiwhia te Tohu Nobel mō te Physiology or Medicine ki ngā kaipūtaiao e toru i uru ki te ako i ngā vesicles o waho. Mai i taua wā, kua nui te rangahau, te tono, me te hokohoko i ngā vesicles o waho o te pūtau i roto i te ao mātauranga me te ahumahi.

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He nui ngā matū hohe ahurei o ngā pūtau tipu o waho o ngā pūtau, he iti te rahinga, ā, ka taea te uru ki roto i ngā kiko. Ko te nuinga o ēnei ka taea te horomia me te mimiti tika ki roto i te whekau. Hei tauira, he pai ngā mirumiru ginseng mō te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau take ki roto i ngā pūtau io, ko ngā mirumiru kanekane ka taea te whakahaere i ngā microbiota puku me te whakamamae i te mate puku. Ko ngā microalgae ngā tipu pūtau-kotahi tawhito rawa atu o te Ao. E tata ana ki te 300,000 ngā momo microalgae, e horapa whānuitia ana i roto i ngā moana, ngā roto, ngā awa, ngā koraha, ngā papa whenua, ngā awaawa hukapapa me ētahi atu wāhi, me ngā āhuatanga rohe ahurei. I roto i te whanaketanga o te 3 piriona o te Ao, kua taea tonu e ngā microalgae te tupu hei pūtau-kotahi i runga i te Ao, he hononga tata ki ō rātou tipu whakamiharo me ō rātou kaha whakaora-ake.

He rauemi hohe hou ngā pūhui moroiti i waho o te pūtau, he nui te haumaru me te pumau. He pai ngā painga o ngā moroiti, arā, he ngāwari te whakatipu, he iti te utu, he tere te tipu, he nui te hua o ngā pūhui, ā, he ngāwari te hanga i ngā pūhui i waho o te pūtau. I roto i ngā rangahau o mua, i kitea he ngāwari te whakauru o ngā pūhui moroiti i waho o te pūtau ki roto i ngā pūtau. I roto i ngā tauira kararehe, i kitea he mimiti tika mā roto i te whekau, ā, he nui ake ngā kiko motuhake. I muri i te urunga ki te cytoplasm, ka roa pea mō ētahi rā, he mea pai tēnei mō te tukunga roa o ngā rongoā.

Hei tāpiritanga, he kaha tō ngā pūwero moroiti ki te uta i ngā rongoā maha, te whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā ngota ngota, te tukunga pumau, te urutau ā-waha, me te whakaoti i ngā arai tuku rongoā o nāianei. Nō reira, he tino whaihua te whanaketanga o ngā pūwero moroiti ki waho o te pūtau i roto i te whakamaoritanga haumanu me te ahumahi.