Vesicles ndị sitere na sel bụ vesicles nano endogenous nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-ewepụta, nke nwere dayameta nke 30-200 nm, nke e ji akpụkpọ ahụ dị ka lipid bilayer kechie, na-ebu nucleic acids, protein, lipids, na metabolites. Vesicles ndị sitere na sel bụ ngwa ọrụ bụ isi maka nkwukọrịta n'etiti sel ma na-esonye na mgbanwe nke ihe dị n'etiti sel. Enwere ike imepụta vesicles ndị sitere na sel dị iche iche n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị na nke ọrịa, nke sitere na nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ lysosomal dị iche iche n'ime sel. Mgbe ejikọtara akpụkpọ ahụ na sel dị na sel na membrane mpụta nke sel dị iche iche, a na-ahapụ ha n'ime matrix extracellular. N'ihi obere immunogenicity ya, mmetụta ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, ikike ebumnuche siri ike, na ikike ịgafe ihe mgbochi ọbara-ụbụrụ, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye nwere ike ibu ọgwụ. Na 2013, enyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị atọ sonyere na ọmụmụ nke vesicles mpụga onyinye Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine. Kemgbe ahụ, enwere ọtụtụ nyocha, ngwa, na azụmaahịa nke vesicles ndị sitere na sel na agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ.

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Vesicles sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ, ha nwere obere olu, ha nwekwara ike ịbanye n'ime anụ ahụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike iri ma banye ozugbo n'ime eriri afọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, afụ ginseng bara uru maka mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, ebe afụ ginger nwere ike ịchịkwa microbiota eriri afọ ma belata ọnya afọ. Microalgae bụ osisi kacha ochie nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ n'ụwa. E nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị microalgae 300,000, nke kesara nke ọma n'oké osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, osimiri, ọzara, plateaus, glaciers na ebe ndị ọzọ, nwere njirimara mpaghara pụrụ iche. N'oge mgbanwe nke ụwa ijeri atọ, microalgae enweela ike itolite dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ otu n'ụwa, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na uto pụrụ iche ha na ikike ịgwọ onwe ha.

Microalgae extracellular vesicles bụ ihe ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na biomedical vesicles nwere nchekwa na nkwụsi ike dị elu. Microalgae nwere uru nke usoro ịkọ ihe dị mfe ma dị mfe ịchịkwa, ọnụ ahịa dị ala, uto ngwa ngwa, mmepụta vesicle dị elu, na injinia dị mfe n'imepụta vesicles extracellular. Na ọmụmụ ihe ndị gara aga, achọpụtara na microalgae extracellular vesicles na-adị mfe ime site na mkpụrụ ndụ. Na ụdị anụmanụ, achọpụtara na ha na-abanye ozugbo site na eriri afọ ma na-eme ka ha baa ọgaranya na anụ ahụ pụrụ iche. Mgbe ha banyere na cytoplasm, ọ nwere ike ịdịru ọtụtụ ụbọchị, nke bara uru maka mwepụta ọgwụ ogologo oge.

Tinyere nke ahụ, obere algae vesicles nwere ike ibu ọtụtụ ọgwụ, melite nkwụsi ike nke molekul, ntọhapụ na-aga n'ihu, mgbanwe ọnụ, na idozi ihe mgbochi nnyefe ọgwụ dị adị. Ya mere, mmepe nke obere algae vesicles extracellular nwere nnukwu ohere na ntụgharị uche na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ.