Ukutholakala kwama-Microalgae Extracellular Vesicles

Ama-vesicle angaphandle kweseli angama-vesicle asayizi amancane akhiqizwa amaseli, asukela ku-30-200 nm ububanzi ambozwe ulwelwesi lwe-lipid bilayer, oluthwala ama-nucleic acid, amaprotheni, ama-lipid kanye nama-metabolites, njll. Ama-vesicle angaphandle kweseli angamathuluzi ayinhloko okuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana, ahilelekile ekushintshisaneni kwezinto phakathi kwamaseli. Ama-vesicle angaphandle kweseli angakhishwa ngamaseli ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile nezingokwezifo, ezivela kakhulu kuma-polyvesicles akhiwe yizinhlayiya ze-lysosomal zangaphakathi kweseli futhi akhishwa ku-matrix engaphandle kweseli ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kolwelwesi olungaphandle kweseli kanye nolwelwesi lweseli lwama-polyvesicles. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphansi kwe-immunogenicity, imiphumela emibi engeyona enobuthi, ukuqondisa okuqinile, amandla okuwela umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho nezinye izici, kuye kwabhekwa njengomphathi wezidakamizwa ongaba khona. Ngo-2013, uMklomelo weNobel kuPhysiology and Medicine wanikezwa ososayensi abathathu abahlobene nocwaningo lwama-vesicle angaphandle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izifunda zezemfundo nezezimboni ziye zaqala ukwanda kocwaningo kanye nentuthuko yama-vesicle angaphandle kwe-extracellular, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuthengiswa kwawo.

Ama-vesicle angaphandle kweseli avela kumaseli ezitshalo acebile ngezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezihlukile, amancane ngobukhulu futhi ayakwazi ukungena kwezicubu. Iningi lawo lingathathwa futhi limuncwe ngqo emathunjini. Isibonelo, ama-vesicle e-ginseng akhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okuqala abe amaseli ezinzwa, kanti ama-vesicle e-ginger angalawula izitshalo zamathumbu futhi anciphise i-colitis. Ama-Microalgae yizitshalo ezindala kakhulu ezineseli elilodwa eMhlabeni. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300,000 zama-microalgae ezisakazeke kabanzi olwandle, emachibini, emifuleni, ogwadule, emathafeni, eqhweni nakwezinye izindawo, ezinezici zesifunda ezihlukile. Ngesikhathi sokuvela koMhlaba oyizigidigidi ezintathu, ama-microalgae abelokhu ekwazi ukuchuma njengamaseli angawodwa eMhlabeni, okungahlukaniseki ekukhuleni kwawo okungavamile kanye nekhono lokuzilungisa.

Ama-vesicle e-microalgal extracellular ayizinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo zezokwelapha ezinokuphepha okuphezulu nokuzinza. Ama-Microalgae anezinzuzo eziningi ekukhiqizweni kwama-vesicle e-extracellular, njengenqubo elula yokukhulisa, elawulekayo, eshibhile, ekhula ngokushesha, ekhipha kakhulu ama-vesicle futhi kulula ukwakhiwa. Ezifundweni zangaphambilini, ama-vesicle e-microalgal extracellular atholakale efakwa kalula ngaphakathi ngamaseli. Kumamodeli ezilwane, atholakale ukuthi amuncwa ngqo emathunjini futhi acebiswe ezicutshini ezithile. Ngemva kokungena ku-cytoplasm, ingahlala izinsuku eziningana, okusiza ekukhishweni kwemithi isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-vesicle e-extracellular e-microalgal kulindeleke ukuthi alayishe izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene, ezithuthukisa ukuzinza kwama-molecule, ukukhululwa kancane, ukuzivumelanisa nomlomo, njll., okuxazulula izithiyo zokuphathwa kwemithi ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-vesicle e-extracellular e-microalgae kunethuba eliphezulu ekuguqulweni kwemitholampilo kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni.