Te Kitea o ngā Pūwero o Waho o te Pūtau ira iti

Ko ngā pūwero i waho o te pūtau he pūwero iti-rahi e hunaia ana e ngā pūtau, mai i te 30–200 nm te whānui kua takaihia ki roto i te kiriuhi lipid-rua-paparanga, e mau ana i ngā waikawa karihi, ngā pūmua, ngā lipid me ngā metabolites, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā pūwero i waho o te pūtau ngā taputapu matua mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau, e uru ana ki te whakawhiti rauemi i waenga i ngā pūtau. Ka taea te huna i ngā pūwero i waho o te pūtau e ngā momo pūtau i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa me ngā āhuatanga mate, e ahu mai ana i ngā polyvesicles i hangaia e ngā matūriki lysosomal intracellular, ā, ka tukuna ki roto i te matrix extracellular i muri i te hanumitanga o te membrane extracellular me te membrane pūtau o ngā polyvesicles. Nā te iti o tōna ārai mate, ngā pānga taha kore-paitini, te kaha o te arotahi, te kaha ki te whiti i te arai toto-roro me ētahi atu āhuatanga, kua kiia he kaikawe rongoā pea. I te tau 2013, i whakawhiwhia te Tohu Nobel mō te Physiology me te Medicine ki ngā kaipūtaiao e toru e pā ana ki te ako i ngā pūwero o waho. Mai i taua wā, kua tīmata te pikinga ake o te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga, te tono me te hokohoko i ngā vesicles o waho o te pūtau i roto i ngā porowhita mātauranga me ngā ahumahi.

He nui ngā wāhanga hohe ahurei o ngā pūwero o waho o ngā pūtau tipu, he iti te rahi, ā, ka taea te uru ki roto i ngā kiko. Ko te nuinga o ēnei ka taea te tango me te mimiti tika ki roto i te whekau. Hei tauira, he pai ngā pūwero ginseng ki te wehewehe i ngā pūtau take ki roto i ngā pūtau io, ā, ka taea e ngā pūwero kanekane te whakahaere i ngā tipu whekau me te whakamamae i te mate puku. Ko ngā moroiti te tipu pūtau-kotahi tawhito rawa atu o te Ao. E tata ana ki te 300,000 ngā momo moroiti e horapa whānuitia ana i roto i ngā moana, ngā roto, ngā awa, ngā koraha, ngā papa whenua, ngā awaawa hukapapa me ētahi atu wāhi, me ngā āhuatanga rohe ahurei. I te whanaketanga o te 3 piriona o te Ao, kua taea tonu e ngā moroiti te tupu hei pūtau takitahi i runga i te Ao, he mea e kore e taea te wehe atu i tō rātou tipu whakamiharo me te kaha ki te whakatika i a rātou anō.

He rauemi hohe hou ngā pūhui moroiti i waho o te pūtau, he nui ake te haumaru me te pumau. He maha ngā painga o ngā moroiti i roto i te hanga pūhui i waho o te pūtau, pērā i te tukanga whakatipu māmā, te whakahaere, te utu iti, te tipu tere, te putanga nui o ngā pūhui, me te ngāwari ki te hanga. I roto i ngā rangahau o mua, i kitea he ngāwari te whakauru o ngā pūhui moroiti i waho o te pūtau ki roto i ngā pūtau. I roto i ngā tauira kararehe, i kitea he mimiti tika mā te puku, ā, he nui ake te whai kiko i roto i ngā kiko motuhake. I muri i te urunga ki te cytoplasm, ka roa pea mō ētahi rā, he mea pai mō te tukunga roa o te rongoā.

Hei tāpiritanga, e tūmanakohia ana ka utaina e ngā pūwero moroiti i waho o te pūtau he maha ngā rongoā, ka whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā ngota, te tukunga puhoi, te urutau ā-waha, me ētahi atu, ka whakaoti i ngā arai o te whakahaere rongoā. Nō reira, he tino whaihua te whanaketanga o ngā pūwero moroiti i waho o te pūtau i roto i te huringa haumanu me te ahumahi.