Zvaimboonekwa se "marara emasero" asina kutariswa akavigwa mukati memapepa ezvehupenyu, ma exosomes ikozvino ave "goridhe remvura" mukuona kwemari - indasitiri inokosheswa nemakumi emabhiriyoni.

Kubva pakuonekwa kwemarabhoritari kusina kujeka kusvika pakumhanya-mhanya kwegoridhe mumaindasitiri, kubva pakusava nechokwadi nedzidzo kusvika pakushamisika kwekutengeserana—tinokugamuchirai kurwendo runoshamisa rwezvinhu zvinomera. Nhasi, ngationgororei hype uye tinzwisise "shanduko yekuendesa zvinhu" iri kuitika musainzi yehupenyu.

Kubva ku "Marara eSero" kuenda kuSisitimu Yepamutemo yePositi:

Kukwira kweExosomes

Muna 1983, vaongorori vepaJohns Hopkins University, pavaidzidza nezvema "sheep reticulocytes", vakawana ma "vesicles" madiki, asinganzwisisike. Zvidimbu izvi zvaitaridzika se "marara" emasero, azere nemapuroteni ayo sero raisazoda. Vesainzi havana kukwanisa kutsvaga kuti: "Marara emasero chete."

Muna 1987, Purofesa Rose Johnstone vakatumidza zviri pamutemo ma vesicles aya kuti "exosomes", izwi richiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Nguva yekuchinja yakasvika muna 1996. G. Raposo nevamwe vake vakaona kuti maexosome anoburitswa nemaB lymphocytes aive nemamorekuru eMHC class II anokwanisa kumutsa masero eT mu vitro. Uhwu hwaive humbowo hwekutanga hwekuti maexosome ane mabasa ekudzivirira immune system—uye zvakavhura mukana webasa rawo se "vatakuri vemasero."

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore: sero rechiropa rinonyora meseji, roiendesa kune exosome courier, iyo inofamba nemuropa uye inogamuchirwa nesero reitsvo.

Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, zvikoro zvikuru zvedzidzo zvakanga zvisina chokwadi.
"Hazvigoneki."
"Zvingangove kusvibiswa."

Saka, nguva yekutanga yekutsvagisa kwe exosome yakapera chinyararire mukusava nechokwadi. Asi magiya eramangwana akanga atotanga kuchinja.

2007: Nguva Yakachinja Zvinhu Zvose

Muna 2007, ma exosomes akaita kudzoka kunoshamisa.

Pepa rakakosha rakaburitswa nechikwata chaJan Lötvall mumagazini yemhuri yeNature rakaratidza kuti maexosome haangotakuri zviratidzo chete—anotakura mirairo yemajini inokwanisa kunyora patsva magumo emasero.

Fungidzira izvi: sero rinoisa mRNA yaro inonyanya kukosha uye miRNA inodzora mu exosome—bhokisi rekutakura zvinhu zvipenyu—rinoburitswa mumvura yemuviri. Kana rimwe sero rangogamuchirwa, mirairo iyi inoburitswa, yoshandurwa kuita mapuroteni matsva, kana kushandiswa kugadzira patsva mapurogiramu ekutaura kwemajini.

Kuwanikwa uku kwaive kwakakosha.

MaExosome akanga asisiri maburi ega ega—akazova nzira yepamutemo yekutumirana kwemajini pakati pemasero. Kufarira kwesainzi kwakakura, uye marabhoritari pasi rose akatendeukira kune aya ma nanoscale messengers.

Munguva pfupi, vaongorori vakaona kuti ma exosomes ari kwese kwese—uye anogara ari pakati pezviito:
• Munzvimbo ine bundu, masero egomarara anozadza maexosomes nezviratidzo zvebundu uye mashoko ekudzivirira immune system, zvichikanganisa matishu akakomberedza ane hutano uye mitsetse yekuvaka kuti ipinde.
• Munyika yemasero emuviri, maexosome anotungamira masero asina kukura kuti agadziriswe zvakanaka, kugadziriswa kwenyama, uye kugadzikiswa kwemasero.

Guta Guru Rinopinda Munhandare:

Kushamisika Kwekutengeserana Kunotanga

Muna 2013, Mubairo weNobel muPhysiology kana Medicine wakaratidza kudzorwa kwekutengeserana kwemasero mumasero. Kunyange hazvo izwi rekuti "exosome" risina kutaurwa zvakajeka, meseji yacho yakanga yakajeka: sisitimu yemukati memasero yakanga yatsigirwa zvakanyanya nesainzi.

Capital akateerera.

Pfungwa dzebhizinesi dzakangoerekana dzava pachena:
Kana masero achigadzira uye achitumira zvinhu zvehupenyu, vanhu vanogona here kugadzira zvinhu izvi kuti zviite chizvarwa chinotevera chekurapa kwakarurama?

Mari yekudyara yakawanda.

Muna 2015, Codiak BioSciences yakavambwa kuti igadzire mishonga yekurapa gomarara repancreatic. Gore rimwe chete iroro, yakaunganidza mari inosvika USD 31 miriyoni muSerie A, ichiteverwa neUS USD 61 miriyoni muSerie B uye USD 76.5 miriyoni muSerie C. Muna 2020, Codiak yakabudirira kunyorwa paNASDAQ.

Zvichakadaro, zviratidzo zve exosome zvakatanga kubuda senzira yekuongorora biopsy yemvura. Zvichienzaniswa nemasero egomarara anotenderera (CTCs), exosomes dziri nyore kuwana—dziri muzvinwiwa zvese zvemuviri. Kutorwa kweropa kamwe chete kunogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvegomarara. Sekureva kwePrecedence Research, muna 2022, 7.67% yemakambani epasi rose eIVD munzvimbo ye biopsy yemvura akatarisa pakuona exosome ne extracellular vesicle.

Kupinda muRunako neKuchengetedza Ganda

MaExosomes akapindawo chinyararire munzvimbo dzekurapa nedzekuchengetedza ganda.

Zvinhu zvechinyakare zvinoshanda zvinowanzoomerwa nekupinda mu stratum corneum nekuda kwehukuru hwemamorekuru kana kusagadzikana. Zvisinei, ma exosome anogona kuendesa miRNA nemapuroteni nekuchinja nzira dzekutumira masaini, zvichiita kuti masero asanganiswe zvakanaka uye kuti zvinhu zvitakure.

Ongororo yeClarins yakaratidza kuti ma exosomes anobva kukeratinocyte anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa ruvara rweganda. Chigadzirwa chayo cheBright Plus Serum chinosanganisira muchero wetiger tail wakatsetseka kuti udzivise nzira iyi kubva kwainobva.

Kirimu yeSulwhasoo inonzi Timetreasure Honorstige Cream ine ma exosome anobva kuginseng akagadzirirwa kutarisana nezviratidzo zvakawanda zvekukwegura.

Sezvo matekinoroji e exosome anobva mumiti achiramba achifambira mberi, mamwe marudzi ezvizoro ari kupinda mumunda. "Kubuda" uku kwe exosomes dzemiti hakusi kungoshambadza chete—mugumisiro usingadzivisiki wekukura kwetekinoroji, zvakanakira zvinhu zvakagadziriswa, uye kudiwa kwemusika kuri kuchinja.

Pasi peMhemberero:

Marwadzo kana Kukura Kwemuviri?

Kuseri kwekufara uku, matambudziko akakomba ari kuoneka.

Chekutanga: kucheneswa. Ma exosome anogona sei kubviswa zvinobudirira kubva muruzha rukuru rwezvinhu zvipenyu?
Chechipiri: kurodha zvinhu. Kuisa ruzivo nemazvo muma exosomes hakushande zvakanaka—zvakafanana nekurongedza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nemaoko mumapasuru ezviuru makumi ezviuru, dambudziko guru rekuwedzera zvinhu.
Chechitatu: mutemo. Ko exosomes masero ekurapa here? Masisitimu ekupa mishonga here? Mishonga yemajini? Nzira dzemutemo hadzina kujeka, zvichimanikidza vagadziri vezvinhu zvitsva kuti vafambe mumhute.

Kumuka kwakasimba kwakabva muchokwadi chekurapa.

Muna 2022, mushonga weCodiak waitarisirwa zvikuru wakakundikana kusvika pamhedzisiro yawo huru yekurapa. Mutengo wemasheya ekambani wakadzikira neusiku humwe. Pakazosvika gore rakatevera, Codiak yakanyoresa kubhuroka. Kekutanga, musiyano uripo pakati pepfungwa dzesainzi uye chokwadi chekurapa wakafumurwa.

Panguva imwe chete, muchikamu cherunako rwakanga rwakasununguka, gakava rakamuka. "Stem cell exosomes," "animated-exosomes" - mazwi akawandisa, nepo kutarisirwa kwacho kwakasara kumashure. Ma serums anodhura zvakanyanya akafukidza chokwadi chezvinhu zvisingaonekwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pfungwa yema exosomes yakashanduka kuita alchemy yemazuva ano yakaputirwa mumitauro yesainzi.

Kunyangwe mukati mezvikoro zvepamusoro-soro, kusava nechokwadi kukuru kwakaonekwa:
Zvizhinji zve "zvishamiso" zvinotaurwa zvinogona kunge zviri zvinhu zvemamiriro ezvinhu ekukura kwemasero here?
Kana kubvumirana kwesainzi kwatanga kuzununguka, munda wese unomira pamucheto.

Mubvunzo Uchiripo

Nhasi, indasitiri ye exosome inotarisana nemubvunzo unotonhora, usingadzivisiki:

Uku ndiko kunyepedzera kwekupedzisira here usati watanga kuputika kwehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji?
Kana kuti basa rinorwadza rinotangira kufambira mberi kwesainzi?

Mhinduro yacho iri papeji isati yanyorwa.

⸻

Kuzviramba

Ruzivo rwuri muchinyorwa chino nderwekushandisa ruzivo rwese chete uye harusi zano rehunyanzvi kana vimbiso.

Makambani ese, masangano, zvigadzirwa, nedata zvakataurwa (kusanganisira asi kwete chete kune data remusika uye nhamba dzemari) zvinotorwa kubva paruzivo rwuripo pachena. Hapana vimbiso inopihwa maererano nekururama kwazvo, nguva, kana kukwana kwazvo.

Vaverengi vanofanira kuzviongorora voga vasati vatora matanho. Munyori nemuparidzi havatore mutoro wekurasikirwa kwakananga kana kusina kunanga kunobva pakuvimba nezviri mukati izvi.